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Dr Manjari Chakraborty | Dr Rizwan Kazmi
ISBN:
978-81-180058-1-0
DOI:
24. Assessment of Water Quality in Wetlands: A Case Study of Sakhya Sagar
Circular Economy in the Construction Industry: Waste Management Practices
Deepak Srivastava | Atul Sharma
DOI:
2026 | 337 pp.
Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, offering vital ecological services such as water purification, flood control, biodiversity conservation, and climate regulation. However, growing anthropogenic pressures have led to significant degradation in wetland quality, particularly in developing countries like India. The water quality of Sakhya Sagar Wetland, a freshwater lake in Madhav National Park in Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, is assessed in this study. This wetland, which is a Ramsar Site, is home to migratory bird species and an abundance of aquatic variety. Water samples were collected from four strategic points and composited into six samples at 10-day intervals. Analyses were performed using BIS standard methods (IS:3025) for various physical and chemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate, total hardness, and fluoride. The values found are as follows: pH (7.08–8.04), turbidity (6.2–11.3 NTU), TDS (346–497 mg/L), DO (3.0–6.3 mg/L), BOD (3.8–8.2 mg/L), COD (12.7–28.6 mg/L), nitrate as nitrogen (2.17–5.36 mg/L), phosphate as PO4 (0.165–0.252 mg/L), total hardness (156–239 mg/L), fluoride (1.1–1.4 mg/L), and others. The results showed that levels of turbidity, BOD, nitrate, phosphate, and fluoride were higher than what is allowed by BIS (for example, BOD > 3 mg/L, nitrate > 1 mg/L, fluoride > 1.0 mg/L), which means there is pollution from organic materials and chemicals. These exceedances point to anthropogenic sources such as agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and human settlement around the lake. The study also investigates the feasibility of machine learning models for classifying and predicting water quality patterns based on the observed data. The findings highlight that Sakhya Sagar Lake exhibits signs of pollution and eutrophication.
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